• PGC mediated mitochondrial biogenesis in brown fat and

  2023-11-21

  

  PGC-1α-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis in brown fat and endothelial RPC1063 is in part regulated by eNOS and NO [28], [29]. Recent studies indicate that H2S not only augments NO bioavailability and signaling [11], [17], but provides protection against cardiac injury in an eNOS-dependent manner [1

• Synaptic scaling up is induced

  2023-11-21

  

  Synaptic scaling up is induced within primary visual Deferoxamine (V1) by brief sensory deprivation (Desai et al., 2002; Lambo and Turrigiano, 2013). Several studies have examined the transcriptional changes within extracts of V1 following visual deprivation protocols (Lachance and Chaudhuri, 2004;

• In addition to plasma membrane sites OCT was

  2023-11-20

  

  In addition to plasma membrane sites, OCT3 was also observed associated with endomembranes, including mitochondrial membranes, with particularly strong expression in the outer nuclear membranes of both neurons and astrocytes (Gasser et al., 2017), indicating that, in addition to regulating extracell

• br Conclusions br Acknowledgments The authors are thankful

  2023-11-20

  

  Conclusions Acknowledgments The authors are thankful to Hugo Santos, Olga Martinez and Ricardo Lacerda for the technical assistance provided in the maintenance of the aquaria. This work was supported by national funds, through FCT and co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)

• Rising depolarization was observed during and

  2023-11-20

  

  Rising depolarization was observed during and decaying depolarization after the photostimulation (Fig. 1D). The slow decrease of the firing rate after photostimulation is also a remarkable characteristic of the striatal neuron (Figs. 1E, 2 and 3), since the cortex pyramidal neurons (data not shown)

• br A Rs which were cloned

  2023-11-20

  

  A3Rs, which were cloned and then pharmacologically identified in the early 1990s, are expressed in multiple organs and peripheral tissues including opioid receptor involved in inflammatory responses (Gessi et al., 2008, Borea et al., 2014). While low levels are expressed in the CNS, A3R agonists

• br Adenosine as a mediator of

  2023-11-20

  

  Adenosine as a mediator of procedures used to manage pain The issue of caffeine Caffeine, from dietary sources, is perhaps the most widely consumed behaviorally active agent in the world (Fredholm et al., 1999). Initial characterization indicated caffeine had a higher affinity at A1−, A2A− and

• br Conflicts of interest br Acknowledgments br

  2023-11-20

  

  Conflicts of interest Acknowledgments Significance Introduction Androgen receptor (AR) plays a paramount role in the onset and progression of prostate cancer (PC) (Burnstein, 2005, Lonergan and Tindall, 2011, Watson et al., 2015). This very facet underlies androgen deprivation therapy (A

• The anorexic effect observed when AR

  2023-11-20

  

  The anorexic effect observed when AR231630 is infused into the VTA could be the result of the DA release inhibition, as previously described [11]. However, there is also a hedonic aspect in feeding that possibly involves dopaminergic mechanisms of reward. Helm et al. showed a functional link between

• If the lack of specificity

  2023-11-20

  

  If the lack of specificity and the high pleiotropy may represent a problem in view of the potential chemotherapeutic features of autophagy-inducing agents, it mecamylamine may switch into an advantage in the case of chemopreventive strategies. In fact, as non-pharmacologic interventions such as limi

• Our data indicate that the D domain only needs

  2023-11-20

  

  Our data indicate that the D1 domain only needs to hydrolyze ATP a few times, or perhaps even just once, during the processing of a given substrate molecule, whereas the D2 domain hydrolyzes ATP many times. Consistent with this model, only D2 contains the canonical aromatic pore loop residues implic

• In bacteria H gler et al Kanao

  2023-11-20

  

  In bacteria (Hügler et al., 2007, Kanao et al., 2001), a glaucophyte alga (Ma et al., 2001), green algae/land plants (Fatland et al., 2002), and filamentous fungi (Nowrousian et al., 2000), ACL enzyme activity requires ACLA, and ACLB (referred to here as dual-subunit ACL, or dsACL) (Kanao et al., 2

• br Introduction In addition to

  2023-11-20

  

  Introduction In addition to ATP production, an important role of mitochondria in the pancreatic beta cell is anaplerosis, which is the net synthesis of citric nonreceptor tyrosine kinase cycle intermediates that are exported to the cytosol where they are converted to numerous other metabolites t

• br Discussion Arginase and Arginase are

  2023-11-20

  

  Discussion Arginase 1 and Arginase 2 are homologous enzymes that consume l-arginine to produce l-ornithine and urea [14], [15]. These enzymes compete with NO synthases for the same substrate [14], [15], [30], and therefore may reduce NO production [21], [24], [30]. The colocalization of arginases

• Further examination of these vmat IR

  2023-11-18

  

  Further examination of these vmat-IR cells shows that they are also positive for vimentin (vim-IR) (Fig. 3A). However, within any one cell there may be a region of weaker vmat-IR, suggesting sub-cellular localization. As also shown in Fig. 3B and C not all vim-IR cells are vmat-IR suggesting that th

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